Securities claims are won on documents: trade records, disclosures, board papers, audit files, the trading analysis in the criminal file. For foreign institutions with losses from Turkey’s 2026 market manipulation and fund cases, much of that evidence is held by others, in Turkey, and some of it is at risk. Turkish procedure offers several tools. Before any lawsuit, a court can order evidence to be preserved by inspection, expert examination or hearing witnesses where it might otherwise be lost or become much harder to use (Code of Civil Procedure Art. 400). During proceedings, parties must produce the documents in their hands, the court can order production from the other side and from third parties, and adverse inferences follow non-production (Arts. 219–221). Merchants must keep their books and business correspondence for ten years (Commercial Code Art. 82), and courts can order their production even against foreign parties (Art. 83). In the criminal case, the victim’s lawyer can inspect the file and take copies free of charge, and restrictions are possible only for specified serious offences (Criminal Procedure Code Art. 153). This guide explains each source and tool, the time limits, and a practical plan for an institutional investor. It reflects the legislation in force as at 25 October 2026.
- Where the evidence is
- What counts as a document
- Preserving evidence before suing
- The preservation procedure
- Document production in the lawsuit
- Commercial books and retention periods
- Expert evidence
- Ground rules: burden, admissibility and timing
- Evidence for each element of a claim
- Witnesses
- Publicity and confidentiality
- The criminal file
- Company and public records
- Documents from abroad
- The investor’s own records
- A practical evidence plan
- Deadlines
- Frequently asked questions
- Related guides
Where the evidence is
Sources of evidence in Turkish securities claims
| Source | What it contains | How investors obtain it |
|---|---|---|
| Public Disclosure Platform (KAP) | Issuers’ announcements, financial statements, audit reports, general meeting documents | Publicly available |
| SPK bulletins | Trading bans, criminal complaints, administrative fines, fund decisions | Publicly available |
| Trade registry and company website | General meeting minutes, registered resolutions | Publicly available (Commercial Code Art. 422(2)) |
| Investor’s own records and custodians | Orders, trades, custody positions, internal decisions | Directly, and through custodians |
| Company books and correspondence | Accounting records, board papers, business letters | Shareholder information rights; court production orders (Commercial Code Arts. 83 and 437; Code of Civil Procedure Arts. 220–222) |
| Intermediaries and the exchange | Order books, client trading, suspicious transaction reports | Through the criminal file or court orders; reports to SPK are confidential (Capital Markets Law Art. 102(2)) |
| SPK investigation files | Trading analyses, value of benefits obtained | Through the criminal file; court orders in administrative cases |
| The criminal file | Statements, expert reports, seized documents, the indictment | Through the victim’s lawyer (Criminal Procedure Code Arts. 153 and 234) |
The order of the table reflects the practical sequence. Public sources and the investor’s own records come first and cost little. Company books and intermediary records usually require a court order. The criminal file is often the richest source, but it becomes accessible only through participation in the criminal process, explained in Joining a Criminal Case in Turkey as a Foreign Investor.
Key point: Evidence that may be lost can be secured before any lawsuit through a court order for preservation of evidence (Code of Civil Procedure Art. 400). Legal interest is presumed where the evidence would otherwise be lost or become much harder to present (Art. 400(2)), and in urgent cases the order can be carried out without notifying the other side first (Art. 403).
What counts as a document
Under Turkish procedure, documents include written or printed texts, deeds, drawings, plans, sketches, photographs, films, images or sound recordings, electronic data and similar information carriers capable of proving the disputed facts (Code of Civil Procedure Art. 199(1)). Trade confirmations, custody statements, e-mails, chat messages, order-book extracts and spreadsheets are therefore all documents.
Parties must produce to the court all documents in their possession on which they or the other side rely as evidence; electronic documents are produced as printouts and, on request, saved in an electronic form suitable for examination (Art. 219(1)). For documents in continuous use, such as commercial books, certified copies of the relevant parts may be produced (Art. 219(2)). For an institution, this means that electronic records should be preserved in their native form, with metadata, so that printouts can be verified if challenged.
Preserving evidence before suing
Either party may ask the court to carry out an inspection, an expert examination or the hearing of witnesses to establish a fact it will rely on in a pending case before that stage is reached, or in a case it intends to bring (Code of Civil Procedure Art. 400(1)). A legal interest is required, but except where the law provides otherwise, it is presumed where there is a possibility that the evidence will be lost or become substantially harder to present if not established immediately (Art. 400(2)).
In securities cases, preservation is useful in several situations:
- Expert examination of trading data while records are complete and the persons who produced them are available, especially where intermediaries are in liquidation or have had their activities stopped;
- Inspection of records held by a company or firm whose management is changing, whose assets are being seized, or which is being placed under a trustee;
- Witness statements from former employees or other persons who may leave Turkey or become unavailable.
Facts can also be established by a notary under the Notaries Law, which the Code of Civil Procedure expressly preserves (Art. 401(2)), a quick route for fixing the content of web pages, announcements or electronic records at a given moment.
Contact Hukukçular Evi Ankara
For questions on preserving and obtaining evidence in Turkey for claims arising from the 2026 fund and manipulation cases, you can reach our office by phone or WhatsApp. We correspond in English. Hukukçular Evi Ankara: +90 554 648 37 15
The preservation procedure
Preservation of evidence step by step
| Step | Rule | Article |
|---|---|---|
| Which court | Before a lawsuit: the court that will hear the merits, or the civil court of peace where the thing to be inspected or examined is located or the witness resides. After a lawsuit: only the court hearing the case | Code of Civil Procedure Art. 401(1) and (4) |
| No later objection to jurisdiction | In the main case, it cannot be argued that the court that preserved the evidence lacked jurisdiction or competence | Art. 401(3) |
| The application | By petition stating the fact to be established, the questions for witnesses or experts, why the evidence may be lost or hard to present, and the identity of the opposing party; valid even if the opposing party cannot be identified where circumstances do not allow it | Art. 402(1) |
| Costs | The costs set by the court must be paid in advance before further steps are taken | Art. 402(2) |
| Notice and objections | If granted, the decision and petition are served on the other side, with how and when the evidence will be taken; objections and additional questions within one week | Art. 402(3) |
| Urgent cases | Where necessary to protect the applicant’s rights, preservation can be carried out without prior notice; the documents are then served and the other side may object within one week | Art. 403(1) |
| Taking the evidence | The rules for the type of evidence concerned apply | Art. 404(1) |
| Use in the main case | The preservation file is annexed to the main case file, and either party may rely on the records and reports | Art. 405(1) |
| Other measures | The court may order an inventory of assets or rights or sealing where necessary | Art. 406(1) |
After the preservation is carried out, the record and any expert report are served on the other side by the court of its own motion (Art. 402(4)). Preservation does not decide the case; it fixes the evidence so that it can be used later. It is often combined with a precautionary attachment where assets are also at risk, as explained in Freezing Assets in Turkey for Investor Claims.
Document production in the lawsuit
Once a case is pending, the court can order production of documents held by the other side and by third parties:
Production orders and their consequences
| Situation | Rule | Article |
|---|---|---|
| Document held by the other side | Where the court is satisfied the document is necessary to prove the allegation and the request is lawful, and the other side admits holding it, stays silent, or its existence appears from an official record or another document, the court sets a firm deadline for production | Code of Civil Procedure Art. 220(1) |
| Other side denies holding it | It is offered an oath that it does not have the document, has searched diligently and does not know where it is | Art. 220(2) |
| Other side fails to produce without excuse | The court may, depending on the circumstances, accept the requesting party’s account of the document’s contents | Art. 220(3) |
| Document held by a third party or institution | If necessary for proof, the court orders production; the holder must produce it or explain with evidence why it cannot, and may be heard as a witness | Art. 221(1)–(2) |
| Third party’s grounds for refusal | The rules on refusing to testify apply | Art. 221(3) |
| Commercial books in commercial cases | The court may order production of the parties’ commercial books of its own motion or on request | Art. 222(1); Commercial Code Art. 83(1) |
The adverse inference in Art. 220(3) is the most useful lever for investors. A defendant that refuses to produce trading records or board papers that the court considers necessary risks the court accepting the investor’s description of their contents.
Commercial books and retention periods
Every merchant must keep commercial books that show its commercial transactions and its economic and financial position clearly, in a way that allows third-party experts to form a view within a reasonable time, and must keep copies of all documents it sends relating to its business, in written, visual or electronic form (Commercial Code Art. 64(1)–(2)). Merchants must keep, in an organised manner, their commercial books, inventories, balance sheets, financial statements, annual reports and the related working instructions, the business letters they receive, copies of the business letters they send, and the documents on which their entries are based (Art. 82(1)). Business letters are all correspondence relating to a commercial transaction (Art. 82(2)). These documents must be kept for ten years (Art. 82(5)).
In commercial disputes the court may order the production of the parties’ commercial books, of its own motion or on request, even if they are foreign natural or legal persons (Art. 83(1)). Commercial books are evidence in commercial cases only if kept completely and properly under the law, with opening and closing certifications, and if their entries corroborate each other; books lacking certifications or whose entries do not corroborate each other are evidence against their owner (Code of Civil Procedure Art. 222(2) and (4)).
Retention periods relevant to investor claims
| Record | Who keeps it | Period | Article |
|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial books, financial statements, annual reports, business letters and supporting documents | Every merchant, including listed companies, brokers and portfolio managers | Ten years | Commercial Code Art. 82(5) |
| Documents showing that related-party transactions were on arm’s-length terms | Public companies and collective investment schemes | At least eight years | Capital Markets Law Art. 21(3) |
| Books and records required by law | Persons subject to the Capital Markets Law | For the statutory period; intentional failure is an offence | Capital Markets Law Art. 112(1) |
The ten-year period runs from the end of the calendar year in which the last entry was made in the books, the inventory was drawn up, the balance sheet or financial statements were prepared, or the letter was received or sent (Commercial Code Art. 82(6)), so records from the 2026 period will be retained well beyond the limitation periods for most investor claims.
Retention duties make it reasonable for a court to expect records to exist. Their absence, where the law required them to be kept, supports a production request and the adverse inference that may follow.
Expert evidence
The court obtains an expert opinion where the matter requires special or technical knowledge outside law, at a party’s request or of its own motion; it may not appoint experts on questions that can be resolved by general knowledge or by the legal knowledge a judge must have (Code of Civil Procedure Art. 266(1)). As a rule a single expert is appointed, but the court may, giving reasons, appoint a panel with an odd number of members (Art. 267(1)). Price analysis, trading reconstruction and loss calculation are typical expert questions in securities cases; the quality of the data the expert receives depends on the evidence gathered under the tools above. How experts approach quantum is discussed in Calculating Damages in Turkish Securities Claims.
Hukukçular Evi Ankara
Ankara-based law office, Av. Fatma Öztürk. Telephone and WhatsApp: +90 554 648 37 15. We correspond in English.
Ground rules: burden, admissibility and timing
Three general rules of the Code of Civil Procedure shape the evidence strategy from the start.
General evidence rules in Turkish civil procedure
| Rule | Content | Article |
|---|---|---|
| Burden of proof | Lies, unless the law provides otherwise, on the party that derives a right from the legal consequence attached to the alleged fact | Code of Civil Procedure Art. 190(1) |
| Statutory presumptions | A party relying on a statutory presumption need prove only the facts on which it rests; the other side may prove the contrary unless the law excludes this | Art. 190(2) |
| Unlawfully obtained evidence | Cannot be taken into account by the court in proving a fact | Art. 189(2) |
| Documents with the petition | Documents in the claimant’s possession must be attached, and for documents to be obtained elsewhere the petition must say where they can be found | Art. 121(1) |
| Late evidence | Evidence cannot be submitted after the statutory time, unless it is not intended to delay and the failure was not the party’s fault, in which case the court may allow it | Art. 145(1) |
The burden rule interacts with the Capital Markets Law’s presumption of causation for disclosure claims: an investor that shows it traded within the protected period benefits from presumed causation (Capital Markets Law Art. 32(4)), and the defendant must then prove a defence such as lack of reliance or that the loss would have occurred anyway (Art. 32(5)). The rule on unlawfully obtained evidence is a reminder that information gathered by improper means, for example from hacked systems or in breach of confidentiality duties, may be excluded. And because Turkish procedure expects evidence to be identified early, with documents attached to the petition and late evidence admitted only exceptionally, the evidence work should be largely done before the claim is filed.
Evidence for each element of a claim
What evidence proves what
| Element | Typical evidence | Legal rule |
|---|---|---|
| The misleading statement or manipulation | KAP announcements, financial statements, audit reports, SPK bulletins, indictment, expert trading analysis | Capital Markets Law Arts. 32 and 107 |
| The investor’s transactions | Trade confirmations, custody statements, MKK-based records | Presumed causation within the protected period (Art. 32(4)) |
| Reliance | Investment committee papers, research, internal approvals | Defence that the trade was not based on the document (Art. 32(5)(a)) |
| Fault of the defendant | Board minutes, correspondence, auditor working papers, criminal file | Burden on the claimant in tort (Turkish Code of Obligations Art. 50(1)); signatories’ knowledge defence (Capital Markets Law Art. 32(3)) |
| The amount of loss | Price data, sale records, expert calculation | Equitable assessment where exact proof is impossible (Turkish Code of Obligations Art. 50(2)) |
| The investor’s own conduct | Risk limits, monitoring records | Reduction for contributory fault (Art. 52) |
Witnesses
Persons who are not parties to the case may be named as witnesses (Code of Civil Procedure Art. 240(1)). The party must submit a list stating the facts on which each witness is to be heard and the witnesses’ names and addresses for service; persons not on the list cannot be heard, and a second list cannot be submitted (Art. 240(2)). Witnesses are summoned at least one week before the hearing, and witnesses brought by the party without a summons are also heard (Art. 243(1)–(2)).
The single-list rule makes witness planning part of the early evidence work. Former employees of issuers, brokers or fund managers, analysts who followed the shares, and the investor’s own portfolio managers are typical witnesses in securities cases. Legal transactions above a statutory amount must be proved by documents (Art. 200(1)), but that rule concerns legal transactions, not unlawful acts such as manipulation or misleading disclosure, which may be proved by any lawful evidence, including witnesses. Where a witness may become unavailable, the statement can be taken in advance through preservation of evidence (Art. 400(1)).
Publicity and confidentiality
Hearings and the pronouncement of decisions are public (Code of Civil Procedure Art. 28(1)). The court may hold all or part of a hearing in private only where public morality or public security strictly requires it, on request or of its own motion (Art. 28(2)), and a request for privacy is examined in a private hearing as a preliminary issue (Art. 28(3)). The Constitutional Court annulled, by a decision of 26 October 2023, the words in Art. 28(2) that also allowed privacy to protect a person’s overriding interest worthy of protection, so that ground is no longer available. Parties have the right to be heard, which includes being informed about the proceedings, the right to explain and prove their case, and a reasoned decision that takes their submissions into account (Art. 27). Parties must act honestly and tell the truth (Art. 29).
For institutional investors this means that internal documents filed in support of a claim, such as investment committee papers and risk reports, should be assumed to become visible to the other side, and the grounds for closing a hearing are narrow. A practical approach is to produce what is needed to prove reliance and loss, redacting unrelated strategy information where this does not affect the evidential value, and to anticipate that the defendant will have the right to examine and respond to it (Art. 27(2)).
The criminal file
During the investigation, the victim and the complainant may ask for evidence to be collected, may ask the prosecutor for copies of documents provided the secrecy and purpose of the investigation are not harmed, may have their lawyer examine the investigation documents and the seized and preserved items in accordance with Art. 153, and may object to a decision not to prosecute (Criminal Procedure Code Art. 234(1)(a)). The rights of defence counsel in Art. 153 also belong to the lawyer of the person harmed by the offence (Art. 153(5)).
Access to the criminal file
| Stage | Access | Article |
|---|---|---|
| Investigation | The lawyer may examine the file and take copies of documents free of charge | Criminal Procedure Code Art. 153(1) and (5) |
| Restriction | Where examination could endanger the investigation, a judge may restrict it at the prosecutor’s request, but only in investigations into listed offences, including forming an organisation to commit offences (Criminal Code Art. 220) and embezzlement under the Banking Law; capital markets offences are not listed | Art. 153(2) |
| Never restricted | Records of statements of the arrested person or suspect, expert reports and records of other procedures the parties may attend | Art. 153(3) |
| After the indictment is accepted | The lawyer may examine the whole file and preserved evidence and take copies of all records and documents free of charge | Art. 153(4) |
Two points are worth noting for the 2026 cases. First, where an investigation concerns only capital markets offences, Art. 153(2) does not allow access to be restricted; where it also concerns organised crime, restriction is possible, but expert reports and statements remain accessible under Art. 153(3). Second, information SPK receives from foreign regulators under memoranda of understanding may be given only to prosecutors and criminal courts, among the bodies listed in Capital Markets Law Art. 135(2), so the criminal file is where evidence about cross-border trading is most likely to appear.
Company and public records
Shareholders have their own routes to company information. Financial statements, the annual report, audit reports and the dividend proposal must be open for inspection at least fifteen days before the general meeting; shareholders may question the board and the auditors at the meeting, apply to court within ten days if refused, and request a special audit (Commercial Code Arts. 437–439). General meeting minutes, which record questions, answers and votes, are filed with the trade registry and posted on the company’s website (Art. 422). These rights are explained in Shareholder Rights in Turkish Listed Companies.
Requests to public bodies under the Right to Information Law are of limited use here: information whose disclosure would endanger administrative or criminal investigations, and commercial secrets, are outside its scope (Law No. 4982 Arts. 19, 20 and 23). In administrative cases against SPK, the court can order SPK to produce its files (Administrative Procedure Law Art. 20(1)), as explained in Suing Turkey’s Capital Markets Board (SPK).
Documents from abroad
A party relying on a document in a foreign language must submit a translation, and the court may require an official translation (Code of Civil Procedure Art. 223). Official documents issued by foreign authorities have that status in Turkey if certified by the issuing state’s competent authority or the Turkish consulate, subject to international conventions (Art. 224), in practice the Apostille Convention. Evidence held by persons abroad can be obtained through the Hague Evidence Convention, which is in force for Turkey and for many investors’ home states, as explained in Suing in Turkey or Abroad.
The investor’s own records
The investor’s own evidence is the foundation of its claim: proof of each purchase and sale, of the positions held, of what information was relied on, and of the loss. Institutions should, as early as possible:
- issue a document hold within the organisation and to external managers, so that records relating to the affected securities are not deleted under routine retention policies;
- collect trade confirmations, custody statements and corporate action records from global and local custodians, which may have their own retention limits;
- preserve investment committee papers, research and risk reports showing how decisions were made, which matter for reliance (Capital Markets Law Art. 32(5)(a)) and contributory fault (Turkish Code of Obligations Art. 52);
- keep electronic records in native form with metadata, so that printouts can be verified (Code of Civil Procedure Art. 219(1)).
A practical evidence plan
- Fix the public record. Download and archive the relevant KAP announcements, SPK bulletins and general meeting minutes; consider a notarial determination of web content (Code of Civil Procedure Art. 401(2)).
- Secure internal and custodian records. Issue holds and collect data across the custody chain.
- Identify evidence at risk. Where records or witnesses at intermediaries or companies may be lost, apply for preservation of evidence (Arts. 400–403).
- Engage with the criminal case. Ask for evidence to be collected and have your lawyer examine the file (Criminal Procedure Code Arts. 153 and 234).
- Use shareholder rights. Ask questions at general meetings, record the answers and consider a special audit (Commercial Code Arts. 437–439).
- Plan production requests. In the lawsuit, identify the documents held by defendants and third parties and the official records showing they exist (Code of Civil Procedure Arts. 220–222).
Deadlines
Time limits relevant to evidence
| Step | Time limit | Article |
|---|---|---|
| Objections and additional questions after a preservation order is served | One week | Code of Civil Procedure Art. 402(3) |
| Objection to preservation carried out without notice | One week from service | Art. 403(1) |
| Court application after refusal of information by the company | Ten days | Commercial Code Art. 437(5) |
| Special auditor after general meeting approval | Thirty days | Art. 438(2) |
| Special auditor after general meeting refusal | Three months | Art. 439(1) |
| Objection to a decision not to prosecute | Two weeks from service | Criminal Procedure Code Art. 173(1) |
| Retention of merchants’ books and correspondence | Ten years | Commercial Code Art. 82(5) |
Frequently asked questions
Can the content of a web page or announcement be fixed as evidence quickly?
Yes. Besides court preservation, a notary can establish facts under the Notaries Law, which the Code of Civil Procedure expressly preserves (Art. 401(2)); this is a quick way to fix online content at a given moment.
Can a hearing be held in private to protect our trading strategy?
Only where public morality or public security strictly requires it (Code of Civil Procedure Art. 28(2)). Institutions should assume that documents they file will be seen by the other side, which has the right to examine and respond to them (Art. 27).
Can I name additional witnesses later?
No. Persons not on the witness list cannot be heard, and a second list cannot be submitted (Code of Civil Procedure Art. 240(2)). Witness planning should therefore be completed early.
Can I add evidence later in the case?
Only exceptionally. Evidence submitted after the statutory time may be admitted if it is not intended to delay and the delay was not the party’s fault (Code of Civil Procedure Art. 145(1)). Documents in the claimant’s possession must be attached to the petition (Art. 121(1)).
Can evidence obtained improperly be used?
No. Unlawfully obtained evidence cannot be taken into account in proving a fact (Art. 189(2)).
Who has to prove what?
The party deriving a right from a fact must prove it (Art. 190(1)); a party relying on a statutory presumption, such as presumed causation in disclosure claims, need prove only the facts on which the presumption rests (Art. 190(2); Capital Markets Law Art. 32(4)).
Can evidence be secured in Turkey before a lawsuit is filed?
Yes. A court can order an inspection, expert examination or witness hearing for a case the applicant intends to bring, where there is a legal interest; it is presumed where the evidence may be lost or become much harder to present (Code of Civil Procedure Art. 400).
Can it be done without warning the other side?
Yes, in urgent cases where necessary to protect the applicant’s rights; the other side is served afterwards and may object within one week (Art. 403(1)).
Can a Turkish court order a defendant to produce documents?
Yes, where the document is necessary for proof and its existence is admitted, not denied, or shown by an official record or another document. If the defendant fails to produce it without excuse, the court may accept the investor’s account of its contents (Art. 220).
Can documents be obtained from banks, brokers or other third parties?
Yes. The court can order a third party or institution to produce a document necessary for proof (Art. 221).
How long must companies and brokers keep their records?
Ten years for commercial books, financial statements, business letters and supporting documents (Commercial Code Art. 82(5)); at least eight years for documentation of related-party transactions in public companies and funds (Capital Markets Law Art. 21(3)).
Can my lawyer see the criminal file?
Yes. The lawyer of the person harmed by the offence may examine the file and take copies free of charge (Criminal Procedure Code Art. 153(1) and (5)). Restriction is possible only in investigations into listed offences, and statements and expert reports can never be restricted (Art. 153(2)–(3)).
Are e-mails and chat messages evidence?
Yes. Electronic data are documents under Code of Civil Procedure Art. 199(1), produced as printouts and, on request, in electronic form (Art. 219(1)).
Do foreign documents need translation and certification?
Translations are required (Art. 223), and foreign official documents need certification, in practice an apostille (Art. 224).
Related guides
- Turkey’s 2026 Fund and Market Manipulation Crisis: Legal Guide for Foreign Institutional Investors — the entry point to this series
- Turkish Bond Defaults: Bondholders’ Boards and Enforcement
- Continuous Disclosure in Turkey: Inside Information and Delayed Disclosure
- How a Securities Lawsuit Proceeds in Turkey
- Limitation Periods for Investor Claims in Turkey
- Concealed Profit Transfers and Controlling Shareholder Liability
- Claims Against Brokers, Custodians and Portfolio Managers in Turkey
- When a Turkish Issuer or Broker Becomes Insolvent
- Joining a Criminal Case in Turkey as a Foreign Investor
- Calculating Damages in Turkish Securities Claims
- Shareholder Rights in Turkish Listed Companies
- Freezing Assets in Turkey for Investor Claims
- Insider Dealing in Turkey: Capital Markets Law Article 106
- Suing Directors and Auditors of Turkish Listed Companies
- Can Foreign Investors Bring a Class Action in Turkey?
- Suing Turkey’s Capital Markets Board (SPK)
- Suing in Turkey or Abroad: Jurisdiction and Enforcement
Important note: This guide is for general information only and does not constitute legal advice on any matter. It reflects the legislation in force as at 25 October 2026. Whether a preservation order or production order will be granted depends on the facts and the court’s assessment. Legislation relied on: Code of Civil Procedure No. 6100, Arts. 27, 28, 29, 121, 145, 189, 190, 199, 200, 240, 243, 219–224, 266, 267 and 400–406; Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102, Arts. 64, 82, 83, 422 and 437–439; Capital Markets Law No. 6362, Arts. 21, 32, 102, 107, 112 and 135; Criminal Procedure Code No. 5271, Arts. 153, 173 and 234; Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098, Arts. 50 and 52; Right to Information Law No. 4982, Arts. 19, 20 and 23; Administrative Procedure Law No. 2577, Art. 20.
